Quick answer
Yes, at Machico. The imported-sand beach and the south-coast Praia Formosa are the only beginner-friendly spots; everything else is reef. Madeiran surf schools run lessons at Machico from spring through autumn. Avoid the famous reef points (Jardim do Mar, Paul do Mar) until you're solidly intermediate.
Context
Most of Madeira's surf reputation comes from heavy reef points on the west coast, Jardim do Mar and Paul do Mar break over urchin-covered basalt boulders and aren't suitable for learners. The two practical beginner options are Machico Bay (sheltered, sandy, lifeguarded) and Praia Formosa on the western edge of Funchal.
Schools to look up: Madeira Surf Camp, OMW Surf School and a couple of seasonal outfits in Machico. Lessons typically run 90 minutes, boards and wetsuits included, around €40–55 per person.
Best months for learning are May to October, smaller swell, warmer water, fewer storm windows.